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A solid phase radioimmunoassay for prostatic acid phosphatase.

J F Cooper, A Foti, H H Herschman

    The Journal of Urology
    |March 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A new radioimmunoassay for prostatic acid phosphatase shows superior sensitivity and specificity compared to enzymatic methods. This immunochemical approach offers improved detection of prostate cancer, especially in earlier stages.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Oncology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) is a biomarker for prostate cancer.
    • Current enzymatic methods for PAP detection have limitations in sensitivity and specificity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the diagnostic performance of a novel solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) for human PAP against a conventional enzymatic method.
    • To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the RIA in various stages of prostate cancer and in control groups.

    Main Methods:

    • Solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) for human prostatic acid phosphatase.
    • Enzymatic method using p-nitrophenylphosphate as substrate.
    • Comparative analysis of test results in patients with histologically verified prostate cancer (stages I-IV) and control subjects.

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    Main Results:

    • The RIA demonstrated significantly higher sensitivity and specificity than the enzymatic method across all prostate cancer stages.
    • For stages I-II prostate cancer, RIA correctly identified 43% of cases versus 9.1% for the enzymatic method.
    • For stages III-IV prostate cancer, RIA correctly identified 94% of cases versus 46% for the enzymatic method.
    • False positive rates were low for both methods in controls and non-prostatic cancer sera, but RIA showed better specificity.

    Conclusions:

    • The solid-phase radioimmunoassay offers a more sensitive and specific method for measuring human serum prostatic acid phosphatase.
    • The immunochemical approach holds significant merit for improved prostate cancer diagnosis and monitoring.