Can beta-hydroxybutyrate be detected at the bedside by in vitro oxidation with hydrogen peroxide

The diagnosis of ketoacidosis with an inordinately high plasma and urinary concentration ratio of beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-OHB) to acetoacetate (AcAc) is difficult, because only AcAc and acetone react with the diagnostic reagents used clinically to detect ketones. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of the claim that beta-OHB can be identified with a simple modification of the usual bedside test for ketones, using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Ketostix (Ames Division, Miles Laboratories, Inc., Elkhart, Indiana). Unfortunately, the lowest detectable concentration of urinary beta-OHB was 50 mmol/L, and serum beta-OHB could not be detected at levels less than 100 mmol/L, a clinically irrelevant level. The relative insensitivity, the inapplicability to serum, and the potential hazard of the routine use of 30% H2O2 by practicing physicians or houseofficers render the method of limited value.