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Related Experiment Videos

Acid-base disorders and the kidney.

J C Chan

    Advances in Pediatrics
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Maintaining a stable blood pH involves immediate buffers, respiratory control, and kidney excretion. This review explores renal responses and acid-base disorders like metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Nephrology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • The human body tightly regulates extracellular fluid pH around 7.40.
    • Acid-base balance is maintained by blood buffers, respiratory CO2 control, and renal excretion.
    • Renal compensation for acid-base disturbances is a complex, multi-day process.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a framework for understanding clinical disorders of hydrogen ion metabolism.
    • To review the pathophysiology of metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.
    • To discuss the role of renal tubular acidosis, chronic renal failure, and electrolyte imbalances.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of fundamental principles of acid-base equilibrium.
    • Examination of endogenous acid production and net acid balance.

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  • Analysis of electrolyte and hormonal interactions in acid-base disorders.

    • Main Results:

    • Pathophysiology of metabolic acidosis in renal tubular acidosis, chronic renal failure, infant feedings, and total parenteral nutrition is detailed.
    • Metabolic alkalosis related to chloride and potassium deficiency is examined.
    • New causes of type IV renal tubular acidosis and their management are highlighted.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding renal physiology is crucial for diagnosing and treating acid-base disorders.
    • The anion gap is a key reference for differential diagnosis and treatment of renal tubular acidosis.
    • Therapy requires frequent reevaluation based on patient responses and physiological understanding.