Intraocular effects of lipoxygenase pathway products in arachidonic acid metabolism

Arachidonic acid is metabolized through the lipoxygenase pathways to hydroperoxy acids (HPETEs), hydroxy acids (HETEs), and leukotrienes, derivatives of 5-HPETE. 5-HETE, 12-HETE, 15-HETE, and 15-HPETE were injected intracamerally in rabbits and leukotriene B4 (LTB4), leukotriene C4 (LTC4 and leukotriene D4 (LTD4) were injected intracamerally in guinea pigs, rabbits and cats. The effects on the intraocular pressure, aqueous humour protein and leukocyte concentration as well as pupil diameter were assessed. 5-HETE, 12-HETE, 15-HETE and 15-HPETE did not cause any change in the parameters studied. LTB4 caused a marked accumulation of leukocytes in the aqueous humour of cats and rabbits, and to some extent in guinea pigs. LTC4 and LTD4 were ineffective in guinea pigs and rabbits, but caused an intense long-lasting non-muscarinic miosis in cats. Thus, most of the lipoxygenase products tested showed little activity in the anterior segment of the eye, except LTB4, that caused leukocyte infiltration, and LTC4 and LTD4 that caused miosis in cats.