Methods of nutritional support for hospitalized patients

Major components of intravenous nutritional solutions include crystalline amino acids as the protein source, and monohydrous dextrose and lipid emulsions as the energy sources. Intravenous nutrition is indicated in patients without gastrointestinal tract function. Patients with a functioning gastrointestinal tract may be supported enterally by tube feeding. A number of enteral feeding formulas are available, including modular components that may be combined to satisfy specific needs.