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Thyroid hormones regulate hepatic glycogen synthase.

C C Malbon, R Campbell

    Endocrinology
    |August 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Short-term thyroid hormone administration rapidly boosts hepatic glycogen synthase activity in rats. This enhances the active form of the enzyme, impacting glucose metabolism.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Metabolic Regulation
    • Hepatology

    Background:

    • Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) play a crucial role in regulating metabolism.
    • Hepatic glycogen synthase is a key enzyme in glycogen synthesis, a vital process for glucose homeostasis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the rapid effects of in vivo thyroid hormone administration on hepatic glycogen synthase activity.
    • To determine the impact of thyroid hormones on the active (I) form of glycogen synthase.

    Main Methods:

    • Rats were administered triiodothyronine (T3) or thyroxine (T4) short-term (48 hours).
    • Hepatic glycogen synthase activity and its active form percentage were measured.
    • Effects were assessed in both fed and fasted states, with fasting lasting 24 hours.

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    Main Results:

    • Administration of T3 or T4 significantly increased total hepatic glycogen synthase activity by approximately 50%.
    • The percentage of glycogen synthase in the active (I) form increased from 19% to 63% with T3 treatment.
    • Thyroid hormone effects were rapid (within 24 hours), dose-dependent, and persisted even during fasting.

    Conclusions:

    • Short-term in vivo administration of thyroid hormones rapidly and significantly enhances both total hepatic glycogen synthase activity and the proportion of its active form.
    • These findings highlight a direct and swift regulatory role of thyroid hormones in hepatic glycogen metabolism.