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Why do nucleic acids have 3'5' phosphodiester bonds?

M M Dhingra, R H Sarma

    Nature
    |April 27, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary

    Nuclear magnetic resonance reveals distinct stereochemistry for 2'5' and 3'5' dinucleoside monophosphates. The 3'5' bonds support helical structures in RNA, while 2'5' bonds do not.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Molecular Biology
    • Structural Biology

    Background:

    • Dinucleoside monophosphates are critical building blocks of polynucleotides like RNA.
    • Understanding the stereochemistry of these linkages is essential for elucidating nucleic acid structure and function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the stereochemical details of 2'5' and 3'5' dinucleoside monophosphates in aqueous solution.
    • To investigate the impact of these stereochemical configurations on polynucleotide structural possibilities, particularly helical formation.

    Main Methods:

    • Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was employed to analyze the stereochemistry of dinucleoside monophosphates.
    • Experimentally determined geometries were computationally incorporated into polynucleotide models.

    Main Results:

    • The study delineated the precise stereochemistry of 2'5' and 3'5' dinucleoside monophosphates.
    • Results indicated that the intrinsic spatial configurations of 2'5' phosphodiester bonds preclude the formation of helical structures.
    • Conversely, the geometries of 3'5' phosphodiester bonds were found to permit helical configurations, consistent with RNA structure.

    Conclusions:

    • The stereochemistry of dinucleoside monophosphate linkages dictates their ability to form helical structures.
    • 3'5' linkages are crucial for the helical nature of RNA, while 2'5' linkages are incompatible with such conformations.

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