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Air embolism after central venous catheterization.

J L Kashuk, I Penn

    Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics
    |September 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Air embolism, a dangerous complication of central venous catheterization, can be fatal. Immediate treatment and preventive measures, such as proper catheter insertion and secure connections, are crucial for patient survival and preventing neurological damage.

    Area of Science:

    • Medical Complications
    • Vascular Access Devices
    • Critical Care Medicine

    Background:

    • Air embolism is a severe complication associated with central venous catheterization.
    • Disconnection of the catheter from intravenous tubing is a frequent cause of air embolism.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the presentation, treatment, and prevention of air embolism during central venous catheterization.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of 24 patient cases with air embolism.
    • Analysis of clinical presentation, mortality, and neurological outcomes.
    • Evaluation of immediate treatment and preventive strategies.

    Main Results:

    • Air embolism presents with symptoms including hypotension, tachypnea, and a "mill wheel" murmur.

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  • Mortality rate was 50%, with 42% of survivors experiencing neurological damage.
  • Immediate treatment involves specific patient positioning, oxygen, and air aspiration.

    • Conclusions:

    • Prompt recognition and intervention are vital for managing air embolism.
    • Preventive measures, including proper insertion techniques and secure connections, can significantly reduce incidence.
    • Central venous catheterization carries a high risk of air embolism, necessitating vigilance in patient care.