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Experimental studies on brucellosis in chickens
Developments in Biological Standardization
|January 1, 1984
Summary
Young chicks infected with Brucella melitensis show severe illness and mortality. Infected chickens, their eggs, and droppings can spread Brucellosis to humans and animals.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Microbiology
- Zoonotic Diseases
- Poultry Health
Background:
- Brucellosis is a significant zoonotic disease with potential economic impact on poultry farming.
- Understanding Brucella spp. infection dynamics in chickens is crucial for disease control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the pathogenicity of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis in different age groups of chickens.
- To evaluate diagnostic tests for avian brucellosis.
- To assess the survival of Brucella in chicken droppings.
Main Methods:
- Experimental infection of one-day-old and six-month-old chickens with Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis.
- Clinical observation, microbiological isolation, and post-mortem examination.
- Evaluation of Rose Bengal, Brucellosis card, and brucellin tests.
- Survival studies of Brucella in chicken droppings at room temperature.
Main Results:
- One-day-old chicks infected with B. melitensis exhibited clinical signs, mortality, and bacterial recovery.
- Adult chickens showed no overt signs but B. melitensis was recovered from eggs and internal organs.
- Rose Bengal and Brucellosis card tests were effective for diagnosis; brucellin test was efficient in the wattle.
- B. melitensis survived for 48 days in chicken droppings.
Conclusions:
- Young chicks are susceptible to virulent Brucella strains, posing a risk for disease transmission.
- Infected chickens, their eggs, and droppings are potential sources for disseminating Brucellosis.
- Effective diagnostic tools are available for avian brucellosis detection.