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Pulmonary dysfunction in 'freebase' cocaine users.

J Itkonen, S Schnoll, J Glassroth

    Archives of Internal Medicine
    |November 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Freebase cocaine use often causes breathing problems and impaired lung function, even after short-term abuse. These pulmonary issues may continue even after quitting cocaine.

    Area of Science:

    • Pulmonary Medicine
    • Toxicology
    • Addiction Medicine

    Background:

    • Freebase cocaine use is a growing public health concern.
    • Respiratory complications associated with smoking illicit substances are not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary gas exchange abnormalities in freebase cocaine users.
    • To determine if these abnormalities persist after cessation of use.

    Main Methods:

    • Prospective study of 19 consecutive freebase cocaine users admitted to a chemical dependence program.
    • Assessment of respiratory symptoms, dyspnea, and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO).
    • Exercise testing was performed on a subset of subjects.

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    Main Results:

    • 12 out of 19 (63%) users reported respiratory symptoms.
    • 10 out of 19 (58%) users experienced dyspnea.
    • 10 out of 19 (58%) users showed abnormalities in carbon monoxide diffusing capacity.
    • Exercise testing responses were normal in the tested subjects.

    Conclusions:

    • Freebase cocaine abuse frequently leads to pulmonary gas exchange abnormalities, detectable even after brief periods of use.
    • These lung function abnormalities may persist even after discontinuing cocaine use.
    • Clinicians should consider freebase cocaine abuse in patients presenting with unexplained respiratory symptoms or impaired diffusing capacity.