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Pathways to complement activation during cardiopulmonary bypass.

B Collett, A Alhaq, N B Abdullah

    British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.)
    |November 10, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Cardiopulmonary bypass activates the complement system, leading to a drop in neutrophils. This complement activation may explain organ damage after surgery.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Cardiovascular Surgery

    Background:

    • Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a critical procedure in cardiac surgery.
    • The effects of CPB on the immune system, particularly complement activation, are not fully understood.
    • Understanding these effects is crucial for mitigating potential complications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate complement activation during cardiopulmonary bypass.
    • To determine the relationship between complement activation and neutrophil count.
    • To explore the potential role of complement activation in post-CPB complications.

    Main Methods:

    • Assessed complement activation by measuring Ba and C3d fragments in arterial blood.
    • Monitored arterial neutrophil counts in patients undergoing CPB.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Analyzed the temporal relationship between complement fragment generation and neutrophil levels.

    • Main Results:

    • All 34 patients showed increased levels of complement fragments Ba and C3d.
    • The rise in Ba preceded the rise in C3d, suggesting alternative pathway initiation.
    • Arterial neutrophil counts decreased concurrently with complement fragment generation.

    Conclusions:

    • Complement activation via the alternative pathway occurs during CPB.
    • Complement activation is linked to neutrophil loss during CPB.
    • Leukocyte sequestration in organs other than the lungs may contribute to multi-organ failure post-CPB.