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Mixed agglutination with guinea pig tissue sediments for detection of heterophile antibodies
Abstract:
Mixed agglutination (MA) test with sediments of guinea pig kidney (GPK) homogenates and indicator red blood cells of bovine (BRBC) or sheep (SRBC) origin was established for detection of human heterophile antibodies. By means of MA test with BRBC indicator cells, heterophile antibodies of Hanganutziu-Deicher (H-D) specificity were demonstrated in sera of patients with syphilis (20%), lepromatous leprosy (57%), infectious mononucleosis (45%), Chediak-Higashi syndrome (73%), Kawasaki disease (58%), multiple sclerosis (58%), and leukemias (13%), as well as in sera of subjects who received injections of foreign species sera (20%). Some but not all BRBC-positive sera gave positive MA tests when SRBC were employed as indicator cells. None of 13 multiple myeloma sera tested gave positive results. The incidence of positive reactions in normal human sera was 3%. Neutralization of H-D antibodies in representative pathologic sera by purified heterophile antigens showed that the antibodies under investigation were mostly directed against antigen(s) of high molecular weight glycoprotein, but not N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (NGNA) ganglioside fraction of BRBC.
Insights
The mixed agglutination (MA) test detects Hanganutziu-Deicher (H-D) antibodies in various diseases. These heterophile antibodies target high molecular weight glycoproteins, not NGNA gangliosides.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Serology
- Clinical Chemistry
Background:
- Heterophile antibodies are a diverse group of antibodies.
- Hanganutziu-Deicher (H-D) antibodies are a specific type of heterophile antibody with clinical relevance.
- Detection methods for H-D antibodies are crucial for diagnosing associated conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish a mixed agglutination (MA) test for detecting human heterophile antibodies, specifically H-D antibodies.
- To investigate the prevalence of H-D antibodies in various pathological conditions and normal individuals.
- To characterize the antigenic targets of these H-D antibodies.
Main Methods:
- Development of a mixed agglutination (MA) test using guinea pig kidney (GPK) homogenates and indicator red blood cells (bovine - BRBC, or sheep - SRBC).
- Testing of human sera from patients with syphilis, leprosy, infectious mononucleosis, Chediak-Higashi syndrome, Kawasaki disease, multiple sclerosis, leukemias, multiple myeloma, and healthy controls.
- Neutralization assays using purified heterophile antigens to identify antibody targets.
Main Results:
- The MA test successfully detected H-D antibodies in patients with various diseases, including infectious mononucleosis (45%), Chediak-Higashi syndrome (73%), and multiple sclerosis (58%).
- Positive reactions were also observed in patients with syphilis (20%), lepromatous leprosy (57%), Kawasaki disease (58%), leukemias (13%), and individuals receiving foreign sera (20%).
- Antibodies were primarily directed against high molecular weight glycoproteins, not N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (NGNA) gangliosides of BRBC.
Conclusions:
- The developed MA test is effective for detecting H-D antibodies in human sera.
- H-D antibodies are associated with a range of pathological conditions, suggesting their potential as diagnostic markers.
- The findings elucidate the antigenic specificity of H-D antibodies, primarily targeting glycoproteins.
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