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The fetal valproate syndrome.

J H DiLiberti, P A Farndon, N R Dennis

    American Journal of Medical Genetics
    |November 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Prenatal exposure to sodium valproate (valproic acid) can cause a distinct facial phenotype in children. This pattern of facial changes, along with other birth defects, highlights potential risks of in utero drug exposure.

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    Area of Science:

    • Teratology
    • Developmental Pediatrics
    • Clinical Genetics

    Background:

    • Sodium valproate (valproic acid) is a widely used antiepileptic and mood-stabilizing drug.
    • Concerns exist regarding potential teratogenic effects of valproate when used during pregnancy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the facial phenotype and associated birth defects in children exposed to sodium valproate in utero.
    • To identify a consistent pattern of dysmorphic features linked to prenatal valproate exposure.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective evaluation of seven children with documented in utero exposure to sodium valproate.
    • Detailed clinical assessment and documentation of facial features and other congenital anomalies.

    Main Results:

    • All seven children exhibited a consistent facial phenotype.
    • Observed features included epicanthal folds, flat nasal bridge, small upturned nose, long philtrum, and downturned mouth.
    • Four children presented with additional birth defects, including hypospadias, strabismus, psychomotor delay, nystagmus, and low birth weight.

    Conclusions:

    • Prenatal exposure to sodium valproate is associated with a recognizable pattern of facial dysmorphism.
    • The findings underscore the importance of monitoring for birth defects in offspring of mothers using valproate during pregnancy.

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