Cardiac tamponade caused by pulmonary artery perforation after central venous catheterization

We report a case of pulmonary artery perforation with resultant cardiac tamponade after central venous catheterization and review six previously reported cases. Tamponade may be an acute or late complication and is usually associated with the effusion of intravenous fluid into the pericardium. Three cases actually occurred after catheterization through the "safer" peripheral venous access route (basilic vein). The diagnosis of perforation and tamponade as well as the treatment can be accomplished using the catheter. Recognition and appropriate treatment of this rare complication may avoid significant morbidity and mortality.