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Experimental cantharidiasis in the horse.

R V Shawley, L L Rolf

    American Journal of Veterinary Research
    |November 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Blister beetle toxin (cantharidin) caused significant physiological changes and clinical signs in horses, leading to fatalities at higher doses. Electrolyte imbalances, particularly low calcium and magnesium, persisted even in survivors.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Toxicology
    • Equine Medicine
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Blister beetles are known sources of cantharidin, a toxic compound.
    • Cantharidin poisoning in horses can lead to severe health consequences.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the toxic effects and physiological responses of horses to crystalline cantharidin.
    • To determine the dosage-dependent toxicity of cantharidin in equine subjects.

    Main Methods:

    • Horses were administered cantharidin via nasogastric tube at two dosage levels (450-489 µg/kg and 720 µg/kg).
    • Physiological parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, electrolytes) and clinical signs were monitored over 48 hours.
    • Histopathological examination was performed on deceased horses.

    Main Results:

    • Higher cantharidin doses (720 µg/kg) resulted in mortality.
    • Consistent findings included increased heart and respiratory rates, elevated rectal temperature, and decreased serum calcium, magnesium, and potassium.
    • Oral erosions, anorexia, depression, and stiff gait were prominent clinical signs.

    Conclusions:

    • Cantharidin is highly toxic to horses, with dose-dependent mortality.
    • Persistent hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia are significant indicators of cantharidin intoxication.
    • Early recognition of clinical signs is crucial for managing potential blister beetle exposure in horses.

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