Biological phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment

Several commercially available systems claim to remove phosphate biologically from municipal wastewater. Techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) have demonstrated that the phosphate removed is stored within bacterial cells as polyphosphate. Acinetobacter species are usually isolated from phosphate-removing systems although there is a great deal of evidence which casts doubt on the exclusive role of these organisms.