Localization of bacteriophage receptor, clumping factor, and protein A on the cell surface of Staphylococcus aureus

The surface of several laboratory strains of Staphylococcus aureus were observed with a scanning electron microscope, and the presence of two morphologically characteristic structures--a ridge separating cell surface into old and new surfaces and a concentric circular structure--are described. These two structures seemed to be present universally on the surfaces of cells of the genus Staphylococcus. The removal of the circular structures by a mild treatment of the cell with trichloroacetic acid suggested that this structure seemed to represent circularly arranged teichoic acid. With experiments using morphologically recognizable markers among three of the cell wall components, clumping factor, phage receptor, and protein A, the clumping factor was proven to be specifically localized on the old surface; and more phage receptors were detected on the old surface than on the new surface, but protein A was present all over the cell surface. This indicated that the clumping factor and most of the phage receptors appeared on the cell wall surface in a late stage of the cell growth cycle, but protein A was present in an early stage of the growth. The idea of aging of the cell wall is discussed.