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Television programming and disability: a ten year span.

E K Byrd, R S McDaniel, R B Rhoden

    International Journal of Rehabilitation Research. Internationale Zeitschrift Fur Rehabilitationsforschung. Revue Internationale De Recherches De Readaptation
    |January 1, 1980
    PubMed
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    Television portrayals of disability shifted significantly between 1968 and 1978. While paraplegia dominated early depictions, mental illness became the most frequent disability shown by 1978.

    Area of Science:

    • Media Studies
    • Disability Studies
    • Sociology

    Background:

    • Television programming significantly influences public perception and understanding of various societal issues, including disability.
    • Previous research indicates a historical underrepresentation and often stereotypical portrayal of individuals with disabilities in media.
    • Understanding trends in disability representation is crucial for promoting accurate and inclusive media narratives.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze and compare the portrayal of disability in television programming across two distinct time periods: 1967-68 and 1977-78.
    • To identify changes and continuities in the types of disabilities depicted, program genres, and networks featuring disability.
    • To examine the evolution of disability representation in television over a decade.

    Main Methods:

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    • A comparative content analysis of television programs aired during the 1967-68 and 1977-78 seasons.
    • Data collection focused on variables including network, program type, specific disability portrayed, time slot, and program length.
    • Quantitative analysis to determine frequencies and identify significant trends in disability representation.

    Main Results:

    • Network dominance shifted from NBC in 1968 to the Public Broadcasting System (PBS) in 1978, with PBS showing increased overall programming.
    • Program types evolved from movies in 1968 to dramatic series, children's programming, news documentaries, and telethons in 1978.
    • The most frequent disability portrayal changed from paraplegia (influenced by 'Ironside') in 1968 to mental illness in 1978, with emotional disturbance consistently present.

    Conclusions:

    • Television's portrayal of disability underwent notable shifts over the decade, reflecting changes in programming focus and societal concerns.
    • Commercial networks prioritized entertainment, while PBS demonstrated a greater focus on public service programming related to disability.
    • Mental illness and emotional disturbance emerged as consistent themes in popular television programming concerning disability.