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Experimental diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

R E Schmidt, J S Nelson, E M Johnson

    The American Journal of Pathology
    |May 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Diabetic autonomic neuropathy damages nerves in the gut, causing issues like colonic dilatation. Pancreatic islet transplantation in diabetic rats reversed these nerve changes, suggesting a potential treatment for diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Gastroenterology
    • Endocrinology

    Background:

    • Diabetic autonomic neuropathy is a common complication affecting gastrointestinal function.
    • Autonomic dysfunction can lead to significant morbidity in diabetic patients.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of chronic diabetes on autonomic innervation of the colon and spleen.
    • To assess the potential of pancreatic islet transplantation to reverse diabetes-induced nerve damage.

    Main Methods:

    • Ultrastructural, histochemical, and biochemical analyses were performed on streptozotocin-diabetic rats, control rats, and islet-transplanted rats.
    • Nerve integrity was examined in the colon, ileal mesentery, and splenic pedicle.
    • Levels of adrenergic and cholinergic marker enzymes were quantified.

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    Main Results:

    • Diabetic rats showed degenerating unmyelinated axons in the colon, mesentery, and spleen.
    • Regenerative nerve changes were observed in diabetic animals.
    • Deficiencies in colonic adrenergic and cholinergic innervation were confirmed biochemically and histochemically.
    • Islet transplantation largely reversed these neuropathic changes.

    Conclusions:

    • Chronic diabetes leads to significant autonomic neuropathy in the gastrointestinal tract and spleen.
    • Pancreatic islet transplantation can restore autonomic nerve integrity in diabetic rats.
    • These findings highlight the link between glycemic control and autonomic nerve function.