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Related Experiment Videos

Crawling-onset age predicts visual cliff avoidance in infants.

J E Richards, N Rader

    Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance
    |April 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Infants

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    Area of Science:

    • Developmental Psychology
    • Infant Motor Development
    • Perceptual Development

    Background:

    • Infant visual cliff avoidance is crucial for understanding depth perception.
    • The role of crawling experience in developing avoidance behaviors is debated.
    • Previous research suggests experience is key, but this study investigates onset age.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine the influence of crawling-onset age and crawling experience on visual cliff avoidance.
    • To determine if testing age or crawling-onset age is a better predictor of avoidance behavior.
    • To challenge the notion that extensive crawling experience is necessary for depth avoidance.

    Main Methods:

    • Two experiments involving human infants tested on a visual cliff apparatus.
    • Experiment 1: 49 infants (7-13 months) with 1-2 months of crawling experience.
    • Experiment 2: 40 infants tested at 9 and 12 months, analyzing crawling-onset age and testing age.

    Main Results:

    • Crawling-onset age, not duration of crawling experience, predicted visual cliff avoidance.
    • Infants with earlier crawling-onset ages were more likely to cross the deep side.
    • Testing age did not discriminate between infants who crossed or avoided the drop-off.

    Conclusions:

    • Crawling-onset age is a significant factor in visual cliff avoidance, more so than crawling experience.
    • Early crawling may interfere with the development of visually guided locomotion.
    • The findings challenge the prevailing view that crawling experience is critical for inducing avoidance behavior.

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