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Problems in suicide statistics for whites and blacks.

M E Warshauer, M Monk

    American Journal of Public Health
    |April 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Official suicide statistics significantly underestimate actual rates, particularly for Black individuals. This underestimation varied by ethnicity, age, and changes in the International Classification of Deaths (ICD) revision.

    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Epidemiology
    • Mortality Statistics

    Background:

    • Accurate suicide statistics are crucial for public health surveillance and intervention.
    • Previous studies suggest potential discrepancies in official suicide reporting.
    • Understanding demographic variations in suicide underestimation is vital.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the accuracy of published Health Department suicide rates.
    • To compare these rates with detailed Medical Examiner records in New York City.
    • To identify factors contributing to underestimation of suicide statistics.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of Medical Examiner records (1968-1979) for definite and 'assigned' suicides.
    • Comparison of Health Department rates with comprehensive Medical Examiner data.

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  • Analysis of underestimation trends by ethnicity, sex, and age, considering ICD revisions (7th and 8th).

    • Main Results:

    • Overall underestimation: 80% for Black suicides and 42% for White suicides.
    • Underestimation was consistent across sexes but varied by age group.
    • Impact of ICD revisions: 7th revision showed minimal white underestimation; 8th revision increased underestimation significantly for both Black (82%) and White (66%) individuals.

    Conclusions:

    • Published suicide statistics significantly underestimate actual suicide occurrences, especially among Black populations.
    • Methodological differences in suicide classification and changes in ICD revisions contribute to underestimation.
    • Findings highlight critical implications for research relying on official death certificate data and underscore the need for improved data accuracy.