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Occupational cancer: experience in Ontario.

A C Chovil, W J McCracken, E C Dowd

    Canadian Medical Association Journal
    |December 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    The Workmen's Compensation Board of Ontario identifies occupational cancer claims with medical evidence. Less than 1% of cancer deaths in Ontario are linked to workplace hazards, with many cases from short-lived industrial operations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Occupational Health
    • Epidemiology
    • Toxicology

    Background:

    • The Workmen's Compensation Board of Ontario (WCB) manages worker compensation claims.
    • Identifying occupational cancer is crucial for worker protection and compensation.
    • Previous data on the prevalence of occupationally induced cancers is limited.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the WCB of Ontario's experience in identifying occupationally related cancers.
    • To determine the proportion of cancer cases attributable to occupational hazards.
    • To analyze the types of cancers and associated carcinogens or industries.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of WCB case files and compensation claims.
    • Analysis of cancer diagnoses and their correlation with occupational exposures.

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  • Comparison of occupationally caused cancer deaths with total cancer mortality in Ontario (1971-1975).

    • Main Results:

    • Worker compensation claims are approved based on medical evidence linking cancer to occupational risk factors.
    • Approximately 50% of identified occupational cancer cases were associated with specific, often temporary, industrial operations.
    • Occupationally induced cancer deaths represented less than 1% of total cancer deaths in Ontario between 1971 and 1975.

    Conclusions:

    • The WCB has a system for identifying occupational cancer, though underidentification may occur.
    • Specific industrial activities, even those of short duration, can be significant sources of occupational carcinogens.
    • While occupational cancer is a serious concern, it constitutes a small fraction of overall cancer burden in the studied population.