Possible mechanisms for the loss of goblet cells in mucin-deficient disorders

By studying the pathological changes in human conjunctival flaps and the conjunctival transdifferentiation in rabbits, we have identified and correlated two pathological processes with the loss of goblet cells: (1) loss of vascularization, and (2) intense inflammation. Loss of vascularization may be correlated with the loss of goblet cells in the chronic cicatricial stage of various mucin-deficient disorders, whereas inflammation may be responsible for their absence in the acute inflammatory stage. The exact interrelationship between these two processes remains unknown. The loss of goblet cells appears to be an early sign of a spectrum of squamous metaplasia, an abnormality of epithelial differentiation. We therefore speculate that loss of vascularization and intense inflammation may have an important effect on epithelial differentiation.