Phenol poisoning due to contaminated drinking water

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Toxicology
• Public Health

Background:

• Accidental release of 37,900 L of 100% phenol (carbolic acid) occurred in July 1974.
• This incident led to chemical contamination of wells in a rural southern Wisconsin area.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the human health effects of phenol contamination in drinking water.
• To assess the duration and extent of the environmental contamination.

Main Methods:

• Case study analysis of reported human illnesses.
• Water quality testing and geological evaluations of the affected area.

Main Results:

• Seventeen individuals reported illnesses including diarrhea, mouth sores, dark urine, and burning sensations after consuming contaminated water.
• Estimated phenol intake ranged from 10 to 240 mg/person/day.
• No residual abnormalities were found in exposed individuals 6 months post-exposure.

Conclusions:

• The observed illness cluster strongly suggests phenol in drinking water caused the reported health issues.
• Geological assessments indicate potential for long-term persistence of underground water contamination.