The role of a nonparticipant observer in drug abuse field research

The development of a "nonparticipant observer" role in research on youthful drug use is described. The role proved valuable in gathering the kinds of information considered necessary by Becker (1955) and others for building theories of deviant behavior. The researcher had some access to the group prior to the project, and various interventionist actions on behalf of the youth helped increase the level of acceptance. The resulting rapport and confidence enhanced the research role, making possible penetration of the protective "fronts" of the deviant subjects. While dual functions of researcher and interventionist complemented each other, they presented personal role conflicts that had to be resolved. By assuming the role of nonparticipant in the deviant behavior itself, the researcher could avoid many moral, legal and ethical dilemmas without betraying either his own values or his objectivity. The author believes it is incumbent upon such a researcher to describe the uniqueness of his role so that his objective findings may be properly appraised in light of his subjective involvement.