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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
07:49

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Published on: October 14, 2014

Biphasic systemic anaphylactic reaction: three illustrative cases.

V T Popa, S A Lerner

    Annals of Allergy
    |August 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Mild allergic reactions to vaccines, immunotherapy, or insect stings can unexpectedly return hours later. This biphasic reaction is linked to specific IgE antibodies, highlighting the need for careful patient monitoring after initial treatment.

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    Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

    Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
    07:49

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    Published on: October 14, 2014

    Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies
    10:31

    Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies

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    Mouse Body Temperature Measurement Using Infrared Thermometer During Passive Systemic Anaphylaxis and Food Allergy Evaluation
    04:34

    Mouse Body Temperature Measurement Using Infrared Thermometer During Passive Systemic Anaphylaxis and Food Allergy Evaluation

    Published on: September 14, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Allergy and Immunology
    • Immunology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Systemic allergic reactions can occur following exposure to various allergens, including vaccines, immunotherapy agents, and insect venom.
    • While immediate reactions are common, delayed or biphasic reactions are less understood but clinically significant.

    Observation:

    • Three patients experienced mild systemic allergic reactions (cutaneous and respiratory) after exposure to rabies vaccine, rye grass extract, or yellow jacket sting.
    • Initial symptoms improved with treatment, but recurred approximately 3.5 to 4 hours later, indicating a biphasic pattern.

    Findings:

    • All three patients demonstrated specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies against the respective allergens.
    • The presence of specific IgE antibodies correlated with both the initial and the delayed (biphasic) allergic responses.

    Implications:

    • This case series suggests that biphasic reactions should be considered in patients with allergic responses to allergens like vaccines, immunotherapy, or insect stings.
    • Understanding the role of specific IgE in biphasic reactions may inform monitoring strategies and patient management protocols.
    • Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying biphasic allergic reactions.