Cholesterol embolism as a complication of left heart catheterisation. Report of seven cases

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Vascular Medicine
• Pathology

Background:

• Left heart catheterisation is a common diagnostic procedure.
• Complications, though rare, can significantly impact patient outcomes.
• Cholesterol embolism is a recognized, albeit infrequent, adverse event.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the incidence and clinical presentation of cholesterol embolism.
• To identify risk factors associated with this complication.
• To describe the clinical course and outcomes of affected patients.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 4587 left heart catheterisations.
• Identification of patients diagnosed with cholesterol embolism.
• Review of clinical data, laboratory findings, and autopsy results.

Main Results:

• Seven cases of cholesterol embolism were diagnosed (0.15% incidence).
• Common symptoms included acute limb/abdominal pain, renal failure, and cutaneous manifestations.
• Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and eosinophilia were noted post-procedure.

Conclusions:

• Cholesterol embolism is a rare but serious complication of left heart catheterisation.
• Early recognition and management are crucial for improving patient prognosis.
• Atherosclerosis and anticoagulation may be associated risk factors.