Ventricular septal defects in two goats

Two young goats with loud, holosystolic heart murmurs heard best over the left and right heart base were suspected to have interventricular septal defects. Cardiac catheterization with angiocardiography supported the clinical diagnosis in both goats and the ventricular septal defects were confirmed at necropsy. In one goat a ventricular septal defect was associated with a hypoplastic aorta and in the other, an ectopic ureter opened into the vagina.