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Cell traction models for generating pattern and form in morphogenesis.

J D Murray, G F Oster

    Journal of Mathematical Biology
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Mesenchymal cells form embryonic organs by interacting mechanically with their environment. This new model explains how cell movement and matrix deformation create complex patterns in developing tissues.

    Area of Science:

    • Developmental Biology
    • Biophysics
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Mesenchymal cells are crucial for embryonic development, migrating and aggregating to form organ rudiments.
    • Understanding the mechanisms driving cell aggregation and pattern formation is key to developmental biology.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a novel biophysical model for mesenchymal cell morphogenesis.
    • To explain pattern formation based on cell-matrix mechanical interactions.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a model based on cell-generated traction forces deforming the extracellular matrix.
    • Derived field equations describing cell motion within an elastic extracellular matrix.

    Main Results:

    • The model successfully generates diverse spatial patterns observed in embryonic development.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Demonstrated pattern formation for skin organ primordia (e.g., feather germs).
  • Showcased cartilage condensation patterns and melanocyte density patterns (animal coat patterns).

    • Conclusions:

    • Mechanical interactions between motile cells and their environment are fundamental to morphogenesis.
    • The derived field equations provide a framework for understanding pattern generation in various embryonic contexts.
    • This model offers insights into the self-organization of cells during development.