Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 1, 2026

From Constructs to Crystals – Towards Structure Determination of β-barrel Outer Membrane Proteins
09:55

From Constructs to Crystals – Towards Structure Determination of β-barrel Outer Membrane Proteins

Published on: July 4, 2016

Molecular structure determination of crystalline specimens in frozen aqueous solutions

R A Milligan, A Brisson, P N Unwin

    Ultramicroscopy
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP009208:53

    Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092

    Published on: October 2, 2017

    Crystallization and In Situ Room Temperature Data Collection Using the Crystallization Facility at Harwell and Beamline VMXi, Diamond Light Source07:08

    Crystallization and In Situ Room Temperature Data Collection Using the Crystallization Facility at Harwell and Beamline VMXi, Diamond Light Source

    Published on: March 8, 2024

    Related Concept Videos

    Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

    Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

    Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
    Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent – the...
    X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

    X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

    X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
    According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
    Cryo-electron Microscopy01:28

    Cryo-electron Microscopy

    Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...
    Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

    Determination of Crystal Structures

    In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...