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Depressed semen quality: a study over two decades.

S Osser, P Liedholm, J Ranstam

    Archives of Andrology
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Semen quality has declined significantly between 1960-1961 and 1980-1981. Sperm volume and count decreased, while abnormal sperm morphology, like double heads, increased, particularly in urban populations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Health
    • Environmental Medicine
    • Andrology

    Background:

    • Male infertility is a growing concern worldwide.
    • Environmental factors are suspected to impact semen quality.
    • Historical data comparison is crucial for understanding trends.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare semen parameters between two distinct time periods (1960s vs. 1980s).
    • To identify significant changes in semen volume, sperm density, and morphology over time.
    • To investigate potential geographical differences (urban vs. rural) in these changes.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of 185 spermiograms from infertile men (1980-1981) and 185 age-matched controls (1960-1961).
    • Evaluation of key semen parameters: seminal volume, sperm density (count), and sperm morphology.
    • Statistical comparison of data between the two time periods and geographical locations.

    Main Results:

    • Significant decrease in mean seminal volume (3.79 ml to 3.42 ml, p<0.05).
    • Marked reduction in mean sperm density (125.4 million/ml to 78.0 million/ml, p<0.001).
    • Significant increase in the proportion of double-headed sperm (0.52% to 1.51%, p<0.001).
    • More pronounced declines observed in urban populations compared to rural areas.

    Conclusions:

    • Semen quality has demonstrably declined between the 1960s and 1980s.
    • Increased sperm abnormalities suggest a potential impact of environmental or lifestyle changes.
    • Findings highlight the need for further research into the causes of declining male reproductive health.

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