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Gentamicin absorption during prophylactic use for necrotizing enterocolitis.

J C Miranda, M S Schimmel, G M Mimms

    Developmental Pharmacology and Therapeutics
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Oral gentamicin in neonates did not lead to significant serum concentrations, suggesting it is not absorbed effectively when administered enterally to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis.

    Area of Science:

    • Neonatal pharmacology
    • Gastrointestinal drug absorption
    • Antibiotic efficacy

    Background:

    • Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious condition in neonates.
    • Prophylactic antibiotics are explored to reduce NEC incidence.
    • Gentamicin is a common antibiotic, but its oral absorption in neonates is not well-established.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate gentamicin absorption after oral administration in neonates.
    • To determine if oral gentamicin achieves therapeutic or toxic serum levels.
    • To assess the potential of oral gentamicin for NEC prophylaxis.

    Main Methods:

    • Oral gentamicin (10 mg/kg/day) administered via nasogastric tube for 10 days to 18 neonates.
    • Serum gentamicin levels were measured using the Emit system.

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  • Absorption was assessed by analyzing serum concentrations over the treatment period.

    • Main Results:

    • Serum gentamicin levels ranged from 0 to 2.2 micrograms/ml.
    • Mean serum levels were low (0.42 +/- 0.47 micrograms/ml) over 10 days.
    • No significant increase or day-to-day variation in serum levels was observed.

    Conclusions:

    • Enterally administered gentamicin is poorly absorbed in neonates.
    • Oral gentamicin does not reach therapeutic or toxic serum concentrations.
    • This route of administration is unlikely to be effective for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis.