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Compressive loads in the lumbar vertebral column during normal level walking.

A Cappozzo

    Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    The L3-L4 spinal motion segment experiences cyclic compressive loads during walking, varying with speed. Trunk extensor muscles activate during ipsilateral toe-off, influencing these spinal loads.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomechanics
    • Spinal Physiology
    • Human Locomotion

    Background:

    • Understanding spinal loads during daily activities like walking is crucial for diagnosing and treating spinal conditions.
    • Previous research has not fully quantified the dynamic compressive forces on the L3-L4 spinal motion segment during walking at various speeds.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the longitudinal compressive load on the L3-L4 spinal motion segment during normal level walking.
    • To determine how walking speed affects these spinal loads.
    • To correlate muscular activity with spinal loading patterns.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized photogrammetric measurements of upper body motion and segmental inertial properties.
    • Employed a biomechanical model of the trunk to predict forces.

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  • Conducted experiments on five healthy young male subjects during walking at different speeds.
  • Partially validated results with literature data on trunk muscle electrical activity and intradiscal pressure.

    • Main Results:

    • The L3-L4 motion segment is subjected to cyclic compressive loads during walking.
    • Maximum compressive loads ranged from 1.0 to 2.5 times body weight, varying with walking speed.
    • Minimum compressive loads ranged from 0.8 to 0.2 times body weight, also dependent on walking speed.
    • Load peaks occurred at frequencies between 1.3 and 2.5 Hz.
    • Trunk extensor muscles showed increased activity during ipsilateral toe-off.

    Conclusions:

    • Walking imposes significant cyclic compressive loads on the L3-L4 spinal motion segment.
    • Walking speed is a key factor influencing the magnitude of these spinal loads.
    • Trunk muscle activation, particularly extensors during toe-off, plays a role in modulating spinal loading during gait.