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Related Experiment Videos

Ca(phosphatidate)2 can traverse liposomal bilayers.

V P Chauhan, H Brockerhoff

    Life Sciences
    |September 24, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Phosphatidic acid (PA) acts as a calcium ionophore, transporting Ca2+ across cell membranes. This process is efficient, with PA showing a strong preference for Ca2+ over Mg2+.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Membrane Biophysics
    • Ion Transport

    Background:

    • Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a key phospholipid involved in cell signaling.
    • Calcium ions (Ca2+) play crucial roles in numerous cellular processes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the potential of phosphatidic acid to function as a Ca2+ ionophore.
    • To elucidate the mechanism of Ca2+ transport mediated by PA.

    Main Methods:

    • Investigated Ca2+ cross-membrane ionophore activity of PA.
    • Determined PA-Ca2+ dissociation constant and selectivity over Mg2+.
    • Analyzed Ca2+ transfer rates in relation to PA concentration and structural modifications.

    Main Results:

    • PA facilitates Ca2+ transport across membranes without prior autoxidation.
    • The PA-Ca2+ dissociation constant is approximately 3 x 10(-3), matching extracellular Ca2+ levels.
    • PA exhibits over 100-fold preference for Ca2+ compared to Mg2+.
    • Ca2+ transport rate scales with the square of PA concentration.
    • Modification of ester CO groups in PA significantly reduces Ca2+ transport (>90%).
    • Ca2+ is coordinated by phosphate and carbonyl oxygens of two PA molecules, forming a dehydrated, lipid-soluble complex.

    Conclusions:

    • Phosphatidic acid acts as an efficient Ca2+ ionophore.
    • The mechanism involves the formation of a dehydrated, lipid-soluble Ca(phosphatide)2 complex.
    • PA's structure, particularly the phosphate and carbonyl groups, is critical for Ca2+ binding and transport.

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