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Avian paramyxovirus type 1 infection of racing pigeons: 3 epizootiological considerations
Abstract:
During July to December 1983 birds in 192 racing pigeon lofts were confirmed as infected with paramyxovirus type 1 virus on the basis of disease signs alone when contact with infected cases was known (10) or with supporting serology (130), virus isolation (eight) or both (44). These outbreaks were mainly concentrated in south Wales (89) and Dorset (40). In all, 29 counties of Great Britain were involved. In the majority of outbreaks (69 per cent) activities associated with racing were strongly implicated in the spread of the disease but trade in birds, stray bird contact, loft visits and contact at shows were also possible methods of spread. Although considerable variation was seen in the pathogenicity of the viruses isolated from affected birds there were no apparent epizootiological links between isolates of similar virulence.
Insights
Racing pigeons were infected with paramyxovirus type 1 in 1983, primarily in Wales and Dorset. Racing activities were the main cause of disease spread, though other factors were also involved.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Avian Pathology
Background:
- Paramyxovirus type 1 (PMV-1) infections pose a significant threat to racing pigeon health.
- Understanding the epidemiology of PMV-1 is crucial for disease control in avian populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence and transmission routes of paramyxovirus type 1 in racing pigeons across Great Britain.
- To analyze the variation in pathogenicity of isolated PMV-1 strains.
Main Methods:
- Disease confirmation through clinical signs, serology, and virus isolation in 192 racing pigeon lofts.
- Epidemiological data collection on outbreak locations and potential transmission factors.
Main Results:
- Confirmed PMV-1 infections in 192 lofts between July and December 1983, with outbreaks concentrated in South Wales and Dorset.
- Racing activities implicated in 69% of outbreaks; bird trade, stray contact, loft visits, and shows identified as other potential spread methods.
- Varied pathogenicity observed among isolated viruses, with no clear epizootiological links to virulence.
Conclusions:
- Racing pigeon activities were the primary driver for paramyxovirus type 1 spread during the study period.
- Multiple transmission pathways contributed to the epizootic, highlighting the need for comprehensive biosecurity measures.
- Further research into the epizootiology and virulence factors of PMV-1 is warranted.