Pasteurella multocida: bilateral septic knee joint prostheses from a distant cat bite

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Microbiology
• Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

• Pasteurella multocida is a common bacterium found in the oral flora of domestic animals, particularly cats and dogs.
• Septic arthritis and bacteremia are serious infections that can affect joint health and systemic well-being.
• Artificial joint prostheses can be susceptible to infection, leading to significant complications.

Observation:

• A patient developed septic arthritis and bacteremia following a superficial cat bite.
• The infection was caused by the Gram-negative rod, Pasteurella multocida.
• Within two years, the patient required removal of both artificial knee prostheses due to the persistent infection.

Findings:

• This case demonstrates a severe outcome of Pasteurella multocida infection, including prosthetic joint infection.
• The study discusses the pathogenesis of P. multocida infections, emphasizing the route of transmission through animal bites.
• The findings underscore the potential for P. multocida to cause invasive disease, even from seemingly minor injuries.

Implications:

• The case highlights the importance of considering Pasteurella multocida in infections following animal bites, especially in immunocompromised individuals or those with implants.
• It raises questions about the necessity and efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in preventing such infections.
• Management strategies for P. multocida infections, particularly in prosthetic joints, require careful consideration of treatment duration and surgical intervention.