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Related Experiment Videos

Anion gap in nephrotic syndrome.

K J Sheth, K K Kher

    The International Journal of Pediatric Nephrology
    |June 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Low anion gap in children with nephrotic syndrome is linked to low serum proteins, particularly albumin. This finding highlights hypoproteinemia as the primary cause during exacerbations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Nephrology
    • Clinical Chemistry
    • Medical Diagnostics

    Background:

    • The anion gap is a calculated measure of the difference between cations and anions in the blood.
    • Low anion gap is observed in various conditions, including hypoproteinemia.
    • Minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) is a common cause of kidney disease in children, characterized by proteinuria and edema.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the prevalence and contributing factors of low anion gap during exacerbations in pediatric patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome.
    • To determine the correlation between anion gap and serum levels of total proteins, albumin, cholesterol, and immunoglobulins in these patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Anion gap was evaluated in 28 children (18 boys, 10 girls) with MCNS during 55 exacerbation episodes.
    • Serum levels of total proteins, albumin, cholesterol, and immunoglobulins were measured.
    • A coefficient of correlation was calculated to assess the relationship between anion gap and these serum analytes.

    Main Results:

    • Anion gap was significantly lower (p < 0.01) during MCNS exacerbations.
    • Low anion gap strongly correlated with low serum total proteins (< 4 g/dL) and low serum albumin levels (< 1.5 g/dL).
    • No significant correlation was found between low anion gap and serum cholesterol or immunoglobulin levels.

    Conclusions:

    • Hypoproteinemia, particularly hypoalbuminemia, is the primary cause of a low anion gap in children experiencing minimal change nephrotic syndrome exacerbations.
    • Reduced serum total protein levels decrease the negative charge contribution to the anion gap, leading to its reduction.

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