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Related Experiment Videos

Development of visually guided hand orientation in reaching.

C von Hofsten, S Fazel-Zandy

    Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
    |October 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Infants develop hand-eye coordination by learning to adjust their grasp to object orientation. This study tracked infant visual-manual skill development from 18 to 34 weeks, showing rapid improvement in grasping accuracy.

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    Area of Science:

    • Developmental psychology
    • Motor control
    • Infant visual-manual integration

    Background:

    • Understanding how infants develop visually guided reaching is crucial for developmental neuroscience.
    • Early motor skills, including grasping, are foundational for cognitive development and interaction with the environment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the developmental trajectory of visually guided hand orientation adjustments in infants.
    • To determine when and how infants learn to match their hand shape to object orientation during reaching.

    Main Methods:

    • Longitudinal study of 15 infants from 18 to 34 weeks of age.
    • Presentation of horizontal and vertical rods at 4-week intervals.
    • High-speed kinematic analysis (60-msec intervals) of hand orientation during the final 540 msec of reaching.

    Main Results:

    • Infants showed initial, albeit incomplete, hand orientation adjustments to object orientation even at 18 weeks.
    • A rapid and significant improvement in this visually guided skill was observed throughout the study period.
    • The findings suggest early visual information about object orientation is available to the motor system.

    Conclusions:

    • Infant reaching demonstrates a developmental refinement of visual-motor calibration.
    • The manual system gains access to object orientation information early, but requires maturation for precise execution.
    • This study highlights the dynamic interplay between visual perception and motor control in early development.

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