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The formalin test: a tonic pain model in the primate.
Meenakshi Alreja1, Pradeep Mutalik, Usha Nayar
1Department of Physiology, All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029 India.
Pain
|September 1, 1984
Summary
The formalin test in monkeys provides an objective method for assessing pain and evaluating analgesics. This tonic pain model demonstrated validity and reproducibility in testing drugs like morphine.
Area of Science:
- Pain research
- Animal models of pain
- Pharmacology
Background:
- The formalin test is a widely used method for pain assessment in animal models.
- Evaluating analgesic efficacy requires reliable and quantifiable pain models.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the utility of the formalin test in monkeys for evaluating pain.
- To determine the validity, reproducibility, and quantifiability of this primate pain model.
- To evaluate the analgesic effects of morphine and pethidine using this model.
Main Methods:
- Formalin was injected into the palmar surface of the hand in monkeys.
- Monkey responses were rated for one hour using objective behavioral criteria.
- The analgesic effects of morphine and pethidine were assessed.
Main Results:
- The formalin test in monkeys provided objective pain assessment.
- The model demonstrated a fair degree of objectivity, validity, and reproducibility.
- Quantifiable pain responses were observed and measured.
Conclusions:
- The formalin test is a suitable 'tonic' pain model in monkeys.
- This model is valuable for assessing analgesic drug effects.
- The method offers a valid and reproducible approach to primate pain research.