Study of sperm morphologic characteristics in a group of 833 fertile men

For the 13 abnormalities under consideration, the mean percentages were found to be the following: irregular head (15.2), microcephalic (9.8), elongated head (5.9), coiled tail (5.8), bent tail (4.7), thin head (4.6), cytoplasmic remains (3.2), macrocephalic (1.6), short tail (1.1), no tail (0.6), duplicate tail (0.5), duplicate head (0.4), lysis (0.4). In so far as the group studied is representative, the results obtained may be considered as "norms" with the 90th percentiles showing the upper limit of the "normal". The same mean percentages were found by MacLeod and Gold (1951) for the five abnormalities they had identified. The length of abstinence preceding the collection of the ejaculate was found to have no influence on the percentage of abnormal forms.