Automated objective refractometers

We have shown how the modern-day analysis of the aerial image produced by an indirect ophthalmoscope forms the basis for automated objective refraction. Objective automated optometers present with the advantages that they: record rapidly, thereby minimizing the effects of accommodative fluctuation and/or fixation instability, demand only low-level technical skill on the part of the operator, demand little of the patient beyond passive cooperation. Refractive findings obtained using objective automated refractors are counterparts of retinoscopic prescriptions and correlate about as well with subjective findings as do those obtained by the proficient retinoscopist.