Morphological changes in tubal mucosa associated with the use of intrauterine contraceptive devices

We examined the endosalpinx of 28 healthy non-pregnant women, 12 of whom had an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) and 16 of whom had neither an IUCD nor used oral contraceptives. Measurements made on light- and scanning electron micrographs showed that the percentage area covered by ciliated cells was approximately 40% in non-IUCD users and only 20% in IUCD users.