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Magnesium in coronary artery disease

L T Iseri

    Drugs
    |October 1, 1984
    PubMed

    Insights

    Magnesium plays a crucial role in coronary artery disease, influencing arteriosclerosis and myocardial function. Supplementation may offer benefits, particularly in managing ventricular arrhythmias and acute myocardial infarction.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Biochemistry
    • Pathophysiology

    Background:

    • Coronary artery disease (CAD) involves complex mechanisms including arteriosclerosis, coronary spasm, and myocardial dysfunction.
    • Magnesium's role in cardiovascular health is increasingly recognized, with implications for various aspects of CAD.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the multifaceted role of magnesium in the pathogenesis and management of coronary artery disease.
    • To synthesize experimental and human evidence regarding magnesium's impact on arteriosclerosis, coronary spasm, myocardial function, acute myocardial infarction, and ventricular arrhythmias.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of experimental studies (animal models) and human epidemiological/retrospective studies.
    • Analysis of magnesium's effects on arterial smooth muscle reactivity, myocardial mitochondria, and tissue magnesium levels during ischemia/infarction.

    Main Results:

    • Magnesium depletion exacerbates atherogenic effects, while supplementation shows a retarding effect.
    • Low magnesium enhances arterial smooth muscle reactivity and may initiate coronary spasm; high magnesium suppresses it.
    • Experimental magnesium deficiency disrupts myocardial mitochondria but does not directly cause cardiac failure.
    • Ischemic or infarcted myocardium loses magnesium, potentially leading to ventricular arrhythmias.
    • Magnesium-depleted hearts show larger necrotic areas after coronary occlusion.
    • Serum magnesium levels fall in acute myocardial infarction, possibly due to lipolysis.
    • Parenteral magnesium can treat ventricular fibrillation in CAD, irrespective of baseline serum levels.

    Conclusions:

    • Magnesium status is a significant factor in coronary artery disease development and progression.
    • Magnesium plays a protective role against arteriosclerosis and coronary spasm.
    • Magnesium management is crucial for mitigating risks associated with acute myocardial infarction and ventricular arrhythmias in CAD patients.

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