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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

269
Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
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Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis

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Elevated IgG immune complexes in children with atopic eczema.

A C Ferguson, F A Salinas

    The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
    |November 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Children with atopic eczema have significantly higher levels of serum IgG complement-fixing immune complexes. These elevated immune complexes may contribute to eczema symptoms and impaired immunity.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Dermatology
    • Allergy Research

    Background:

    • Atopic eczema is a common inflammatory skin condition.
    • The role of immune complexes in atopic eczema pathogenesis is not fully understood.
    • Elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a hallmark of atopic diseases.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate serum IgG complement-fixing immune complex levels in children with atopic eczema.
    • To compare these levels with those in children with allergic rhinitis.
    • To explore the correlation between immune complex levels and eczema severity or serum IgE.

    Main Methods:

    • Raji cell assay was used to quantify serum IgG complement-fixing immune complexes.
    • Sucrose-density gradient analysis was performed on identified immune complexes.

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  • Patient groups included 20 children with atopic eczema and 10 with allergic rhinitis.

    • Main Results:

    • Immune complex levels were significantly elevated in children with atopic eczema (50 ± 10 µg/ml) compared to controls (11 ± 9 µg/ml) (p < 0.0047).
    • Immune complexes were found in two size ranges: 8-10S and ≥21S.
    • No significant correlation was found between immune complex levels and eczema severity or serum IgE levels.

    Conclusions:

    • High-molecular-weight, complement-fixing IgG immune complexes are present in children with atopic eczema.
    • These immune complexes may contribute to eczema's pruritus through anaphylatoxin formation and mast cell activation.
    • The findings suggest a potential role for these immune complexes in the impaired cell-mediated immunity observed in atopic eczema.