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Human spumavirus replication in human cells.

P C Loh, F M Matsuura

    Journal of Medical Virology
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Human syncytium-forming virus (HSFV) replication resistance in epithelial cells is an intracellular event. This finding suggests that factors within nonpermissive cells, not viral adsorption, limit spumavirus spread.

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    Virus research·1999

    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Cell Biology
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Human syncytium-forming virus (HSFV), a spumavirus, previously showed restricted replication, occurring only in fibroblast-like cell lines (HFDL) and not epithelial-like lines (RA).
    • Understanding the factors governing this host cell specificity is crucial for viral replication studies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the differential replication of HSFV in permissive (HFDL) versus nonpermissive (RA) cell lines.
    • To determine if resistance to HSFV infection in nonpermissive cells is an extracellular or intracellular phenomenon.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparative analysis of HSFV antigen expression using immunofluorescent staining in both cell types.
    • Infectious center assays to quantify infectious virion formation in infected nonpermissive cells.
    • Measurement of DNA synthesis rates in permissive and nonpermissive cell lines.
    • Detection and infectivity assessment of proviral DNA using Hirt extraction, isopycnic banding, and transfection assays.

    Main Results:

    • Both cell lines supported replication of other animal viruses and adsorbed HSFV equally well.
    • Nonpermissive cells exhibited significantly fewer HSFV antigen-positive cells and infectious centers.
    • Permissive cell lines demonstrated a markedly higher rate of DNA synthesis.
    • Increased and infectious proviral DNA was detected in permissive cells, confirmed by transfection.

    Conclusions:

    • Resistance to HSFV infection in nonpermissive cell cultures is likely an intracellular event.
    • The findings suggest intracellular factors within epithelial-like cells impede spumavirus replication, rather than issues with viral entry or initial adsorption.

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