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Posture control and trajectory formation during arm movement.

E Bizzi, N Accornero, W Chapple

    The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
    |November 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study challenges the simple equilibrium-state model for arm movements. Findings suggest that central nervous system control of arm trajectory is more complex than initially hypothesized.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Motor Control
    • Biomechanics

    Background:

    • The central nervous system (CNS) generates spatially oriented arm movements.
    • One hypothesis posits that desired joint position is determined by agonist and antagonist muscle tension ratios.
    • This implies movement transitions depend solely on motor unit contraction time and arm mechanics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To test the hypothesis that arm movement transitions are solely a function of motor unit contraction time and mechanical properties.
    • To investigate the underlying processes of trajectory formation in arm movements.

    Main Methods:

    • Experiments conducted on intact and deafferented rhesus monkeys.
    • Forearm held, then released to measure accelerative transient.

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  • Direct measurement of torque increase over time during movement.

    • Main Results:

    • Peak torque achieved in an average of 400 msec within a 700 msec movement duration.
    • Displaced arm trajectories returned to intermediate points, not initial or final equilibrium positions.

    Conclusions:

    • The simple equilibrium-state transition model is insufficient to explain arm movement generation.
    • Trajectory formation involves more complex processes than a basic switch between equilibrium positions.