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[Functional aspect of thyroid tumors].

K Ito

    Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi
    |September 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study analyzed 1663 thyroid tumors, finding that functioning nodules elevate thyroid hormone levels (T-4 and T-3). Electron microscopy and histochemistry revealed higher activity in these functioning nodules.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Oncology
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Thyroid tumors encompass a range of neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions, including adenomas, nodules, goiters, cysts, and carcinomas.
    • Assessing the hormonal function of these diverse thyroid lesions is crucial for diagnosis and management.
    • Understanding the cellular and molecular characteristics of functioning versus non-functioning thyroid nodules can provide insights into their pathophysiology.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the hormonal function of various thyroid tumors in a large cohort of operative cases.
    • To investigate the differences between functioning and non-functioning thyroid nodules using microscopic, electron microscopic, and histochemical techniques.
    • To correlate hormonal status with tumor characteristics and proliferative activity.

    Main Methods:

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    • Retrospective analysis of 1663 consecutive operative cases of thyroid tumors.
    • Hormonal assessment including serum T-4, T-3, and delta TSH after TRH injection.
    • Microscopic examination, electron microscopy, and histochemical analysis (acid and alkaline phosphatase) of nodules.
    • DNA histogram analysis to determine proliferative index.

    Main Results:

    • Out of 1663 cases, 195 were adenomas, 140 solitary adenomatous nodules, 121 multiple adenomatous goiters, 31 cysts, and 176 carcinomas.
    • Sixteen solitary nodules were classified as functioning, correlating with elevated serum T-4 and T-3 levels.
    • Functioning nodules showed elevated activity in electron microscopy and histochemical assays for acid and alkaline phosphatase.
    • Adenomatous goiters exhibited elevated T-4 in 10 cases and T-3 in 7, with minimal delta TSH after TRH injection in many.
    • A high proliferative index was observed in adenomatous goiters.

    Conclusions:

    • Functioning thyroid nodules are characterized by elevated serum thyroid hormone levels and distinct ultrastructural and biochemical features.
    • While microscopic examination shows no difference, electron microscopy and histochemistry highlight functional differences in nodules.
    • Adenomatous goiters, even with hyperthyroidism, do not present with severe thyrotoxicosis, and proliferative activity is high in these lesions.