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Primate cortical bone microstructure: relationship to locomotion.

M B Schaffler, D B Burr

    American Journal of Physical Anthropology
    |October 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Bone structure, specifically secondary osteons (Haversian remodeling), reflects primate locomotion. This study links bone

    Area of Science:

    • * Paleoanthropology and biomechanics.
    • * Primate skeletal biology and functional morphology.

    Background:

    • * Osteonal (Haversian) remodeling in bone is influenced by mechanical factors.
    • * Secondary osteons form during bone remodeling throughout life, reflecting adaptation to mechanical stress.
    • * Primate locomotion varies widely, from arboreal to bipedal, imposing different biomechanical demands on the skeleton.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To investigate the relationship between primate locomotor behavior and the arrangement of secondary osteonal bone in the femur.
    • * To determine if biomechanical influences related to behavior are reflected in femoral mid-diaphyseal bone structure.

    Main Methods:

    • * Analysis of secondary osteonal bone proportion (percent osteonal bone) in the femoral mid-diaphysis of 20 primate species.

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  • * Species were selected to represent a diverse range of locomotor behaviors.
  • * Comparison of bone structure with established skeletal and kinesiological categorizations of primate locomotion.

    • Main Results:

    • * The proportion of bone cortex occupied by secondary osteons (percent osteonal bone) correlates with the biomechanical environment of the femur.
    • * Percent osteonal bone effectively distinguishes between different locomotor groups.
    • * Specific patterns were observed for arboreal quadrupedal, terrestrial quadrupedal, suspensory, and bipedal primates.

    Conclusions:

    • * The microstructure of femoral bone, specifically secondary osteonal bone, provides a record of biomechanical influences related to locomotor behavior.
    • * Percent osteonal bone serves as a reliable indicator for categorizing primate locomotor strategies.
    • * This finding supports the role of mechanical factors in controlling osteonal remodeling and its reflection of functional adaptation.