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Granulosa cell steroidogenesis before in vitro fertilization.

S G Hillier, E J Wickings, M Afnan

    Biology of Reproduction
    |November 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study investigated granulosa cell steroidogenesis and its link to oocyte fertilization and embryo development. Results showed no direct correlation between granulosa cell steroid metabolism and oocyte quality or embryo development.

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    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Endocrinology
    • In Vitro Fertilization
    • Oocyte Biology

    Background:

    • The relationship between the endocrine and gametogenic functions of the ovulatory follicle remains unclear.
    • Granulosa cells play a crucial role in follicular development and oocyte maturation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the steroidogenic activity of granulosa cells in relation to oocyte fertilization and preimplantation embryo development in vitro.
    • To determine if granulosa cell steroid metabolism influences oocyte quality and subsequent embryonic development.

    Main Methods:

    • Granulosa cells were isolated from 64 follicles of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF).
    • Cells were incubated with testosterone to assess aromatase activity, and progesterone and estradiol levels were measured.

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  • Oocyte fertilization and embryo development were monitored, and correlations with granulosa cell steroidogenesis were analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • No significant differences in follicular fluid steroid levels or granulosa cell steroidogenesis were observed between normally cleaving and non-cleaving oocytes.
    • Granulosa cell aromatase activity remained high post-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration, not explaining low follicular fluid estradiol.
    • Elevated follicular fluid progesterone levels in larger follicles correlated with polyspermic oocytes, suggesting a link to "over-ripeness".

    Conclusions:

    • No simple relationship was found between oocyte function (fertilization, development) and the measured indices of granulosa cell steroid metabolism.
    • Follicular size and progesterone levels may be associated with oocyte over-ripeness and polyspermy.
    • Granulosa cell luteinization appears advanced in the periovulatory period.