Three-dimensional vector graphics: a method for displaying results in a drug trial

Three-dimensional computer graphics are used to depict multidimensional outcome measures in a clinical drug trial. This graphics approach was used in a study of 116 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis, in a randomized, double-blind 21-week comparison of placebo, oral gold, and injectable gold. Three health status components, physical disability, psychological status, and pain, were generated using the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS). Results were presented in a three-axis perspective, one axis for each component, plotting individual patient vectors for magnitude and direction on a 10 X 10 X 10 coordinate matrix. Vectors for each patient are plotted from time 1 (start) to time 2 (finish) over the 21-week trial period. Vector symbols were added for clarity and subgroup delineation. Vector displays show trends in treatment response that clarify and strongly reinforce the statistical results. It is concluded that three-dimensional vector graphics are a useful adjunct to the statistical analysis of clinical trial results. The graphics facilitate the visual interpretation of a complex data set, and clarify the analysis of the results for both the clinician and researcher.